全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2834篇 |
免费 | 371篇 |
国内免费 | 180篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 284篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 166篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
数学 | 1121篇 |
物理学 | 1786篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 61篇 |
2017年 | 100篇 |
2016年 | 110篇 |
2015年 | 77篇 |
2014年 | 198篇 |
2013年 | 157篇 |
2012年 | 194篇 |
2011年 | 168篇 |
2010年 | 145篇 |
2009年 | 172篇 |
2008年 | 178篇 |
2007年 | 177篇 |
2006年 | 152篇 |
2005年 | 161篇 |
2004年 | 134篇 |
2003年 | 130篇 |
2002年 | 140篇 |
2001年 | 94篇 |
2000年 | 77篇 |
1999年 | 81篇 |
1998年 | 87篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 59篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3385条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
71.
The synthesis of liquid single crystal hydrogels (“LSCH”) in suitable molds offers an innovative concept to realize bifocal contact‐ or intraocular‐lenses. LSCH combine the properties required for applications as bifocal ophthalmic lenses: the soft and water‐containing hydrogel enables oxygen permeation and exhibits high birefringence due to the liquid crystalline phase structure built up by rigid rod‐like amphiphiles. Via a photo‐initiated crosslinking reaction of aqueous solutions of monomeric lyotropic liquid crystalline amphiphiles in the macroscopically ordered liquid crystalline state, we obtain optically uniaxially ordered and transparent LSCH. The orientation process and the phase structure of the anisotropic hydrogel is analyzed by deuterium NMR‐spectroscopy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
72.
The brightness of the X‐ray source in a W/Al‐film target used for X‐ray projection microscopy was studied by an approach using the Monte Carlo simulation. Since continuous X rays generated in a thin film have a specific angular distribution of emission, the brightness of the continuous X‐ray source cannot simply be estimated on the assumption that the angular distribution is homogeneous. The newly developed approach using the Monte Carlo simulation enables the evaluation of the effective source size, angular distribution, and brightness of a continuous X‐ray source with sufficient accuracy that it leads to the optimum design of a high‐brightness X‐ray source for uses such as X‐ray projection microscopy. The Monte Carlo calculations were performed for W(Δz)/Al (200 µm)‐film targets with different thicknesses of W film, Δz, under bombardment of 60 kV electrons. The results have suggested an optimum design consisting of a W (2 µm)/Al (200 µm)‐film target as most promising for providing an X‐ray source of higher brightness than the W (5 µm)/Al (200 µm)‐film target, which has already been in practice for X‐ray projection microscopy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
The response of a single TE102 and double TE104 rectangular cavity to the insertion of samples contained in tubes with variable wall thickness and a quartz Dewar into the cavity has been analyzed. A direct, indirect, and concurrent (positive or negative) “lens effect” inside the double TE104 rectangular cavity is discussed. The experimental dependence of the EPR signal intensity on the wall thickness of the sample tube, δ, for the line-like samples with identical length of the sample material column, L=30 mm, recorded in the microwave cavity showed a directly proportional increase of the relative “lens effect” with the increase of the wall thickness of the tube in the interval, δ∈<0.1 mm, >0.5 mm. The insertion of the variable-temperature double-wall quartz Dewar (home-built, resonant frequency shift, ca. −300 MHz) into the single TE102 rectangular cavity showed the same relative “lens effect”, with ca. 1.5-time increase of the EPR signal intensity, for a point-like sample and the line-like samples with material columns of diameter of 1 and 1.3 mm, and wall thickness of the sample tubes, δ∈<0.1 mm, >0.5 mm. The increased effect of the Dewar arises because the active volume of the quartz Dewar tube walls is always much more larger than the active volume of the sample tube wall. In the case of the double TE104 rectangular cavity, the insertion of the quartz Dewar: (i) into the same cavity, in which the sample is present, caused a direct “lens effect”, with ca. 1.8-fold increase of the EPR signal intensity; however, (ii) into the complementary cavity, in which the sample is absent, caused an indirect “lens effect”, with ca. 0.6-fold decrease of the EPR signal intensity. With the Dewar and sample in one cavity and a large empty sample tube in the complementary cavity, a concurrent (positive or negative) “lens effect” can be observed. Thus, the possible increase/decrease of the EPR signal intensity depends on the volume ratio of the quartz Dewar tube walls and large sample tube wall inserted into the double TE104 rectangular cavity. Each of the above phenomena may be a significant source error in quantitative EPR spectrometry unless the samples to be compared in the quantitative EPR analysis are contained in sample tubes having the same wall thickness and each EPR spectra should be recorded inside an identical quartz Dewar. 相似文献
74.
75.
航空遥感监测中变焦镜头的广泛应用以及飞行高度的变化会获得不同地面分辨率的航空影像,因此为了实时监控到飞行区域的整体情况,需要对不同地面分辨率的图像进行拼接。提出了针对不同地面分辨率图像进行拼接的方法。首先用四分法对图像进行分割,检测变化倍率,选择配准策略;然后用基于加速鲁棒性特征(Speeded-Up Robust Features,SURF)的算法对相邻图像进行拼接。获得了焦距变化从高倍过渡到低倍,或从低倍过渡到高倍的拼接图像。通过航空变焦模拟影像的拼接实验和地面变焦影像的拼接实验表明,该方法能够对不同地面分辨率的图像进行拼接,且拼接结果均以高分辨率为基准。 相似文献
76.
A. K. Awasthi F. R. Meng J. F. Künzler J. G. Linhardt P. Papagelis G. Oltean S. A. Myers 《先进技术聚合物》2013,24(6):557-567
A series of novel mono‐ethylenically unsaturated polycarbosiloxanes macromonomers as compatibilizer materials for soft silicon hydrogels were prepared from the anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) of 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2,5‐disila‐1‐oxacyclopentane followed by methacrylation. The characterization was performed by end‐group analysis and included the determination of molecular weight, molecular weight distributions, end‐group functionality, and impurity profiles using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The synthetic procedure was optimized to minimize the formation of any dimer that would have the potential to act as a low molecular weight cross linker. In addition, the novel di‐ethylenically unsaturated polycarbosiloxanes were synthesized by cationic polymerization. Use of these silicone derivatives was explored in the formulation of contact lenses, and the structure–property relationship was examined. When copoymerized with hydrophilic monomers, these were able to give transparent and wettable films with desired properties, particularly a low moduli for contact lenses. Contact lens with high modulus is often shown to impart a higher degree discomfort when worn upon the eye. It was clear from the structure–property relationship that the modulus and the tensile strength of the formulated material depend on the nature and length of the polycarbosiloxane used and may be tuned for the purpose as needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
The present paper proposes an evolutionary credibility model that describes the joint dynamics of mortality through time in several populations. Instead of modeling the mortality rate levels, the time series of population-specific mortality rate changes, or mortality improvement rates are considered and expressed in terms of correlated time factors, up to an error term. Dynamic random effects ensure the necessary smoothing across time, as well as the learning effect. They also serve to stabilize successive mortality projection outputs, avoiding dramatic changes from one year to the next. Statistical inference is based on maximum likelihood, properly recognizing the random, hidden nature of underlying time factors. Empirical illustrations demonstrate the practical interest of the approach proposed in the present paper. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
Jordan operator algebras are norm‐closed spaces of operators on a Hilbert space with for all . In two recent papers by the authors and Neal, a theory for these spaces was developed. It was shown there that much of the theory of associative operator algebras, in particular, surprisingly much of the associative theory from several recent papers of the first author and coauthors, generalizes to Jordan operator algebras. In the present paper we complete this task, giving several results which generalize the associative case in these papers, relating to unitizations, real positivity, hereditary subalgebras, and a couple of other topics. We also solve one of the three open problems stated at the end of our earlier joint paper on Jordan operator algebras. 相似文献